<!DOCTYPE html>
<html class="client-nojs vector-feature-night-mode-disabled vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-sticky-header-enabled" lang="en" dir="ltr"><head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>...explosante-fixe...</title>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...explosante-fixe..."> <link href="./mw/ext.cite.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./mw/skins.vector.icons.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./mw/skins.vector.search.codex.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./mw/skins.vector.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./mw/user.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content="">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./mw/site.styles.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./mw/noscript.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./footer.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./vector-2022.css">
</head>
<body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-_explosante-fixe rootpage-_explosante-fixe skin-vector-2022 action-view">
<div class="mw-page-container">
<div class="mw-page-container-inner">
<div class="mw-content-container">
<main id="content" class="mw-body">
<header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar">
<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">
<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><i>...explosante-fixe...</i></span>
</h1>
</header>
<a id="top"></a>
<div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-targetContainer" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container="">
<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p>
<i><b>...explosante-fixe...</b></i> (<a href="French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">...exploding-fixed...</i>) is a piece of music composed by <a href="Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez">Pierre Boulez</a>. Initially conceived in 1971 as a memorial for <a href="Igor_Stravinsky" title="Igor Stravinsky">Igor Stravinsky</a>, who died in April of that year, several different versions of the work were composed by Boulez between 1972 and 1993, culminating in a piece for solo <a href="MIDI" title="MIDI">MIDI</a>-<a href="Flute" title="Flute">flute</a> and chamber orchestra.
</p>
<meta property="mw:PageProp/toc">
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Title">Title</h2></div>
<p>The title of the work is taken from the concluding line of the first chapter of <a href="Andr%C3%A9_Breton" title="André Breton">André Breton</a>'s <i>L'amour fou</i> (1937): "La beauté convulsive sera érotique-voilée, explosante-fixe, magique-circonstancielle, ou ne sera pas" (Convulsive beauty will be erotic-veiled, exploding-fixed, magical-circumstantial, or it will not be at all).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>
<p>The first version of <i>...explosante-fixe...</i> (1971–1972) is a one-page <a href="Aleatoric" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleatoric">aleatoric</a> work in seven parts entitled, according to one report, <i>Originel</i> and <i>Transitoires II–VII</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Garavaglia_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garavaglia-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though the manuscript score (published as two pages of music and twelve pages of instructions) bears the title in the composer's hand <i>[... Explosante-fixe ...]</i>, and the indications "Originel" and "Transitoires II–VII" are the names of the groups into which the work is divided.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The seven parts each represent one member of a seven-note <a href="Tone_row" title="Tone row">row</a> found in the "Originel" section: E<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span>, G, D, A<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span>, B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span>, A, E, an emblem of the Stravinsky memorial for which it was composed (the note E<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> sustained at the beginning is pronounced <i>Es</i> in German, cognate with the letter S for "Stravinsky").<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pitches of this row were later used also in <i><a href="Rituel" class="mw-redirect" title="Rituel">Rituel</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this original form, the instruments were not indicated,<sup id="cite_ref-Garavaglia_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garavaglia-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though a possible scoring for two violins, two flutes, two clarinets, and harp is suggested.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like most of the other pieces in the Stravinsky memorial, this reflects the instrumentation of two brief commemorative works Stravinsky wrote in 1959: the <i><a href="Epitaphium_(Stravinsky)" title="Epitaphium (Stravinsky)">Epitaphium</a></i> for flute, clarinet, and harp, and the <i><a href="Double_Canon_(Stravinsky)" title="Double Canon (Stravinsky)">Double Canon</a></i> (in memory of Dufy) for string quartet.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>In the two subsequent years, Boulez developed <i>...explosante-fixe...</i> into a work for solo flute, accompanied by <a href="Clarinet" title="Clarinet">clarinet</a>, <a href="Trumpet" title="Trumpet">trumpet</a>, <a href="Harp" title="Harp">harp</a>, <a href="Vibraphone" title="Vibraphone">vibraphone</a>, <a href="Violin" title="Violin">violin</a>, <a href="Viola" title="Viola">viola</a>, <a href="Cello" title="Cello">cello</a> and electronics.<sup id="cite_ref-Garavaglia_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garavaglia-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Performances of this version made use of a recently created device known as the Halaphone.<sup id="cite_ref-Garavaglia_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garavaglia-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to inventor <a href="Hans_Peter_Haller" title="Hans Peter Haller">Hans Peter Haller</a>, the Halaphone is capable of "projecting sounds in various directions and at various speeds at will, projecting sound from point to point, making it move in circles around a hall, or making it move diagonally across a hall."<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Boulez, however, was ultimately unsatisfied with the electronics.<sup id="cite_ref-Garavaglia_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garavaglia-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were actually two main variants, a "preliminary" version based on the bare bones of the outline score and scored for a trio of violin, clarinet, and trumpet, first performed by the London Sinfonietta in St John's, Smith Square in June 1972, and a longer, more sophisticated, and seemingly definitive form for septet, premiered in New York on 5 January 1973 and subsequently revised several times, for performances in Rome on 13 May 1973, at the <a href="The_Proms" class="mw-redirect" title="The Proms">Promenade Concerts</a> in London in August 1973, at the <a href="Donaueschingen_Festival" title="Donaueschingen Festival">Donaueschinger Musiktage</a> on 21 October 1973 (by which time it had become an octet) and at the <a href="Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_d'Orsay" title="Théâtre d'Orsay">Théâtre d'Orsay</a> in Paris as part of the Festival d'Automne 1974, where it created a sensation.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These revisions involved changes in the order of sections and rewriting six of the eight instrumental parts. In all, there are four different versions for the flute, three versions each for the viola and cello, two versions each for the trumpet, violin, and clarinet, but only one version each for the vibraphone and harp, which differ from one version to the next only in the ordering of their constituent parts.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Boulez withdrew the materials for both versions, primarily because of his dissatisfaction with the all-too-audible failure of the electronics, and in particular the computer tape that was intended to direct the conductorless 1973 Proms version, but also as an acknowledgement that the scoring really required a symphony orchestra.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>The next version of <i>...explosante-fixe...</i>, for vibraphone and electronics, was not composed until 1986.<sup id="cite_ref-Garavaglia_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garavaglia-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the intervening years, parts of the original material appeared in other works by Boulez, specifically <i><a href="Rituel" class="mw-redirect" title="Rituel">Rituel</a></i> (1975) and <i>Mémoriale</i> (1985).<sup id="cite_ref-May_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-May-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Between 1991 and 1993, while at <a href="IRCAM" title="IRCAM">IRCAM</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Garavaglia_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garavaglia-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Boulez composed a new version of <i>...explosante-fixe...</i>, for solo MIDI-flute with live electronics, two "shadow" flutes and a chamber orchestra.<sup id="cite_ref-May_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-May-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UE_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UE-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This version premiered in <a href="Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a>, <a href="Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> at <i>Settembre Musica Festival</i> on 13 September 1993, in a performance by the <a href="Ensemble_InterContemporain" class="mw-redirect" title="Ensemble InterContemporain">Ensemble InterContemporain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-UE_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UE-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">
/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}
/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
</style><div class="reflist">
<div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Annie Labussière and Jean-Marc Chouvel, "Pierre Boulez: <i>Mémoriale (...explosante-fixe... originel)</i>", <i>Musurgia: Analyse et pratique musicales</i> 4, no. 1 (1997): 42–66. Citation on 44, quoting André Breton, "L'Amour fou", <i>OEuvres complètes</i> (Paris, Gallimard, coll. Pléiade, 1992), 2:687.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Garavaglia-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Garavaglia_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Garavaglia_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Garavaglia_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Garavaglia_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Garavaglia_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Garavaglia_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Garavaglia_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Javier Alejandro Garavaglia, "Raising Awareness about Complete Automation of Live-electronics: A Historical Perspective", in <i>Auditory Display: 6th International Symposium, CMMR/ICAD 2009, Copenhagen, Denmark, May 18–22, 2009</i>, edited by Sølvi Ystad, 443–45, Lecture Notes in Computer Science 5954; LNCS Sublibrary SL 3 (Berlin and New York: Springer, 2010).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pierre Boulez, Elliott Carter, Aaron Copland, Alexander Goehr, Elisabeth Lutyens, Darius Milhaud, and Roger Sessions, [Supplement]: "In Memoriam: Igor Stravinsky. Canons & Epitaphs, Set 2". <i>Tempo</i>, new series, no. 98 (1972): [13–26 of 27 unnumbered pages (inserted between pages 22 and 23), citation on 13].</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Susan Bradshaw, "Comparing Notes", <i>Musical Times</i> 137, no. 1844 (October 1996): 5–12. Citation on 8.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Annie Labussière and Jean-Marc Chouvel, "Pierre Boulez: <i>Mémoriale (...explosante-fixe... originel)</i>", <i>Musurgia: Analyse et pratique musicales</i> 4, no. 1 (1997): 42–66. Citation on 44.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Edward Campbell, <i>Boulez, Music and Philosophy</i>, Music in the Twentieth Century 27 (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010): p.206. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">
/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("./mw/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("./mw/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("./mw/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("./mw/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}
/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
</style><a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-521-86242-4</bdi>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pierre Boulez, Elliott Carter, Aaron Copland, Alexander Goehr, Elisabeth Lutyens, Darius Milhaud, and Roger Sessions, [Supplement]: "In Memoriam: Igor Stravinsky. Canons & Epitaphs, Set 2". <i>Tempo</i>, new series, no. 98 (1972): [13–26 of 27 unnumbered pages, citation on 25–26].</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pierre Boulez, Elliott Carter, Aaron Copland, Alexander Goehr, Elisabeth Lutyens, Darius Milhaud, and Roger Sessions, [Supplement]: "In Memoriam: Igor Stravinsky. Canons & Epitaphs, Set 2". <i>Tempo</i>, new series, no. 98 (1972): [27 unnumbered pages, editorial note on 27].</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">New York (January 20, 1973). "New German Invention Alters Sound Direction", <i>Billboard</i>, p.46. Vol. 85, No. 3. ISSN 0006-2510.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Annie Labussière and Jean-Marc Chouvel, "Pierre Boulez: <i>Mémoriale (...explosante-fixe... originel)</i>", <i>Musurgia: Analyse et pratique musicales</i> 4, no. 1 (1997): 42–66. Citation on 45.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paolo Dal Molin, "Introduction à la famille d'oeuvres <i>...explosante-fixe...</i> de Pierre Boulez: Étude philologique", PhD diss. (Nice: Université de Nice—Sophia Antipolis, 2007): 17.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Susan Bradshaw, "Boulez at 65", <i>Musical Times</i> 131, no. 1765 (March 1990): 127–28. Citation on 127.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Susan Bradshaw, "Comparing Notes", <i>Musical Times</i> 137, no. 1844 (October 1996): 5–12. Citations on 8 and 11–12.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-May-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-May_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-May_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_May" class="citation web cs1">Thomas May. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120614030306/http://www.laphil.com/philpedia/piece-detail.cfm?id=2431">"...explosante-fixe..."</a> <i>Los Angeles Philharmonic</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.laphil.com/philpedia/piece-detail.cfm?id=2431">the original</a> on 2012-06-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-UE-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UE_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UE_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.universaledition.com/explosante-fixe-for-flute-live-electronics-2-flutes-ensemble-Pierre-Boulez/composers-and-works/composer/88/work/61">"Pierre Boulez – ... explosante-fixe ..."</a> <a href="Universal_Edition" title="Universal Edition">Universal Edition</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite></span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>
<ul><li>Boulez, Pierre, Michel Fano, and Thomas Repensek. 1980. "A Conversation". <i>October</i> 14 (Autumn): 101–20.</li>
<li>Bradshaw, Susan. 1973. "First Performances: '...explosante-fixe...'". <i>Tempo</i>, new series, no. 106 (September): 58–59.</li>
<li>Dal Molin, Paolo. 2009. "<i>Mémoriale</i> de Pierre Boulez: Ce que les sources (ne) nous disent (pas)". <i>Revue de musicologie</i> 95, no. 2:475–523.</li>
<li>Goldman, Jonathan. 2006. "Exploding/Fixed: Form as Opposition in the Writings and Later Works of Pierre Boulez". PhD diss. Montreal: Université de Montréal. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-494-24456-2</bdi>.</li>
<li>Goldman, Jonathan. 2008. "Charting <i>Mémoriale</i>: Paradigmatic Analysis and Harmonic Schemata in Boulez's <i>...explosante-fixe...</i> ". <i>Music Analysis</i> 27, nos. 2–3:217–52.</li>
<li>Kimmig, Rudolf. 1991. "Unterricht beim Meister: Pierre Boulez' Fragment <i>explosante-fixe</i>". <i>Motiv: Musik in Gesellschaft anderer Künste</i>, nos. 2–3:73–74.</li>
<li>Mawhinney, Simon, and Pierre Boulez. 2001. "Composer in Interview: Pierre Boulez". <i>Tempo</i>, new series, no. 216 (April): 2–5.</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>
<ul><li>May, Thomas. [1996]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120614030306/http://www.laphil.com/philpedia/piece-detail.cfm?id=2431">About the Piece: '...explosante-fixe...': Pierre Boulez</a>". La Phil website. Accessed 25 August 2011.</li>
<li>Zurletti, Michelangelo. 1993. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/1993/09/18/gli-spazi-sonori-di-pierre-boulez.html">Gli spazi sonori di Pierre Boulez, about the Turin premiere</a> <i>La Repubblica</i> (18 September), from website. Accessed 28 September 2019.</li></ul>
<div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">
/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}
/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">
/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}
/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pierre_Boulez252" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">
/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}
/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */
</style><div id="Pierre_Boulez252" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Pierre_Boulez" title="Pierre Boulez">Pierre Boulez</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="List_of_compositions_by_Pierre_Boulez" title="List of compositions by Pierre Boulez">List of compositions</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concert music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Piano_sonatas_(Boulez)" title="Piano sonatas (Boulez)">Piano sonatas</a></li>
<li><i><a href="Le_Visage_nuptial" title="Le Visage nuptial">Le Visage nuptial</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Le_Soleil_des_eaux" title="Le Soleil des eaux">Le Soleil des eaux</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Livre_pour_quatuor" title="Livre pour quatuor">Livre pour quatuor</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Polyphonie_X" title="Polyphonie X">Polyphonie X</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Structures_(Boulez)" title="Structures (Boulez)">Structures</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Le_Marteau_sans_ma%C3%AEtre" title="Le Marteau sans maître">Le Marteau sans maître</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Pli_selon_pli" title="Pli selon pli">Pli selon pli</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Figures%E2%80%94Doubles%E2%80%94Prismes" title="Figures—Doubles—Prismes">Figures—Doubles—Prismes</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="%C3%89clat" title="Éclat">Éclat</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Domaines_(Boulez)" title="Domaines (Boulez)">Domaines</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Livre_pour_cordes" title="Livre pour cordes">Livre pour cordes</a></i></li>
<li><i></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Cummings_ist_der_Dichter" title="Cummings ist der Dichter">Cummings ist der Dichter</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="%C3%89clat/Multiples" title="Éclat/Multiples">Éclat/Multiples</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Rituel_in_memoriam_Bruno_Maderna" title="Rituel in memoriam Bruno Maderna">Rituel in memoriam Bruno Maderna</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Messagesquisse" title="Messagesquisse">Messagesquisse</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="R%C3%A9pons" title="Répons">Répons</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="D%C3%A9rive_1" title="Dérive 1">Dérive 1</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Anth%C3%A8mes" title="Anthèmes">Anthèmes</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Incises" title="Incises">Incises</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Dialogue_de_l'ombre_double" title="Dialogue de l'ombre double">Dialogue de l'ombre double</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Collaborations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="A_Garland_for_Dr._K." title="A Garland for Dr. K.">A Garland for Dr. K.</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Incidental music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="Ainsi_parla_Zarathoustra_(Boulez)" title="Ainsi parla Zarathoustra (Boulez)">Ainsi parla Zarathoustra</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Aleatoric_music" title="Aleatoric music">Aleatoric music</a></li>
<li><a href="Boulez_Conducts_Zappa%3A_The_Perfect_Stranger" class="mw-redirect" title="Boulez Conducts Zappa: The Perfect Stranger">Boulez Conducts Zappa: The Perfect Stranger</a></li>
<li><a href="Domaine_musical" title="Domaine musical">Domaine musical</a></li>
<li><a href="Ensemble_InterContemporain" class="mw-redirect" title="Ensemble InterContemporain">Ensemble InterContemporain</a></li>
<li><a href="IRCAM" title="IRCAM">IRCAM</a></li>
<li><a href="Jahrhundertring" title="Jahrhundertring">Jahrhundertring</a></li>
<li><a href="Serialism" title="Serialism">Serialism</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8084055#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata820" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8084055#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata820" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Authority control databases </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/7145910985427061458">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2007008697">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13985973p">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13985973p">BnF data</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/work/45282c9c-de1d-4130-b0eb-bb501e6fce31">MusicBrainz work</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><!--htdig_noindex--><div><div class="zim-footer">
This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2024-10-31" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=...explosante-fixe...&oldid=1254540035">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.
</div>
</div><!--/htdig_noindex--></div>
</div>
</main>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body></html>